Rhacocleis Fieber 1853 and Pterolepis Rambur 1838, distinct species groups or not ?

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fer Willemse ◽  
Luc Willemse
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Species Groups

Comparative morphology of the Australian lynx spiders of the genus Oxyopes (Araneae : Oxyopidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor R. Townsend Jr ◽  
Bruce E. Felgenhauer ◽  
Judy F. Grimshaw
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Evolutionary Origin ◽  
African Species ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Species Groups

We examined the morphology of the genitalia and cuticular scales of eight species of Australian lynx spiders of the genus Oxyopes and compared them with those of representative species from Africa, Asia and North America. Our results indicate that the eight species examined are representative of two distinct species groups of Oxyopes in Australia. The first group consists ofO. amoenus, O. dingo, O. gracilipes, O. molarius, O. rubicundus, and O. variabilis. The evolutionary origin of these spiders is difficult to discern as they share multiple genitalic characters with African and Asian taxa. However, these six species display two characters, leg scales and internal cuticular elements in the opisthosomal scales, that are exhibited by African, but not Asian, taxa. The second group consists of Oxyopes macilentus and O. papuanis. These taxa exhibit many of the same morphological features, exhibited by Asian, but not African, species.

Reassessment of Cyathodes (Epacridaceae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Weiller
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
One New Species

Examination of the 20 species currently included in Cyathodes Labill. has shown a number of distinct species groups that warrant recognition at generic level. Accordingly, Cyathodes Labill. s. str, is restricted to three species endemic to Tasmania, including one new species, C. platystoma C.M.Weiller, which is described below.

New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1737 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BLAIR HEDGES ◽  
WILLIAM E. DUELLMAN ◽  
MATTHEW P. HEINICKE
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
New World ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Species Groups

New World frogs recently placed in a single, enormous family (Brachycephalidae) have direct development and reproduce on land, often far away from water. DNA sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear genes of 344 species were analyzed to estimate their relationships. The molecular phylogeny in turn was used as the basis for a revised classification of the group. The 882 described species are placed in a new taxon, Terrarana, and allocated to four families, four subfamilies, 24 genera, 11 subgenera, 33 species series, 56 species groups, and 11 species subgroups. Systematic accounts are provided for all taxa above the species level. Two families (Craugastoridae and Strabomantidae), three subfamilies (Holoadeninae, Phyzelaphryninae, and Strabomantinae), six genera (Bryophryne, Diasporus, Haddadus, Isodactylus, Lynchius, and Psychrophrynella), and two subgenera (Campbellius and Schwartzius) are proposed and named as new taxa, 13 subspecies are considered to be distinct species, and 613 new combinations are formed. Most of the 100 informal groups (species series, species groups, and species subgroups) are new or newly defined. Brachycephalus and Ischnocnema are placed in Brachycephalidae, a relatively small clade restricted primarily to southeastern Brazil. Eleutherodactylidae includes two subfamilies, four genera, and five subgenera and is centered in the Caribbean region. Craugastoridae contains two genera and three subgenera and is distributed mainly in Middle America. Strabomantidae is distributed primarily in the Andes of northwestern South America and includes two subfamilies, 16 genera, and three subgenera. Images and distribution maps are presented for taxa above the species level and a complete list of species is provided. Aspects of the evolution, biogeography, and conservation of Terrarana are discussed.

The North American Chydorus faviformis (Cladocera, Chydoridae) and the honeycombed taxa of other continents

1987 ◽  
Vol 315 (1175) ◽  
pp. 353-402 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Resting Eggs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The North ◽  
Species Groups

The taxon Chydorus faviformis , described by Birge from North America in 1893, has been considered to occur also in Asia, Australia, and South America. However, careful study of populations from these regions has revealed that all represent different species, none of which is closely related to C. faviformis . The taxa described here are C. obscurirostris and C. opacus from Australia, C. obscurirostris tasekberae from Malaysia, C. sinensis from China, C.angustirostris from India, and C. parvireticulatus from South America. The taxon in Malaysia differs somewhat from the corresponding taxon in Australia, but cannot be characterized more closely until males and ephippial females become available. The taxa differ among themselves in number of meshes on the shell of parthenogenetic females, surface patterning within the meshes, shape of the rostrum and height of the mesh walls along the edge and near the tip of the rostrum, stoutness and length of the major seta on the inner distal lobe of trunklimb I, shape of the labral plate, and shape and armament of the postabdomen. Ephippial females all have a single resting egg. They differ in the extent of secondary thickenings of the surface network within the shell meshes and in the amount of pigment deposited in the region of the egg locule. Males are most important for separating the taxa, indicating how necessary they are for working out evolutionary similarities and differences. Unfortunately no males of the taxa from Malaysia, India, and South America have been available. For the others, C.faviformis sens. str. is unique in that it is the only taxon in which the male loses its honeycomb (that is, the raised walls of the meshes) on reaching maturity. It also has a sharp pre-anal angle and a marked narrowing of the postabdomen distad from here, which is the pattern typical of species in the Chydorus sphaericus complex. None of the other faviformis -like species share this characteristic. Because of the marked differences in morphology and in geographical distribution of the species in North America and in South America, it is certain that even during the glacial ages, when the northern C. faviformis would have been displaced farthest southward, there was no exchange of either taxon to the other continent. The taxon from Manáos, Brazil listed as C.faviformis in the Birge collection is the C. parvireticulatus reported from much farther south in Brazil and Argentina. In Australia and Asia, except for the uncertain distinctness of the taxon in Malaysia, all the other taxa are markedly separate from each other and hence give no evidence for transfer, as by resting eggs, between continents or even from one region to another on the same continent. All the taxa have been stable in their geographical occurrence for very long periods of time. In addition to the faviformis -like taxa present as distinct species in different regions or on different continents, there are many other species groups of chydorids that have different member species on each continent. One possible explanation of this similarity in gross morphology without any long-distance dispersal of resting eggs to accomplish it is that the various protospecies (corresponding to the species groups) had largely evolved before the original land mass broke up into the present continents and subcontinents. As the distances between the continents increased, the salt-water gaps would come to be impassable barriers to dispersal. Evolution of the isolates would then yield new species, all retaining m any of the features of the protospecies. Each such group from a single protospecies would form the species groups we are now just beginning to recognize.

A review of the subgenus Euprepiosaurus of Varanus (Squamata: Varanidae): morphological and molecular phylogeny, distribution and zoogeography,  with an identification key for the members of the V. indicus and  the V. prasinus species groups

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1472 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS ZIEGLER ◽  
ANDREAS SCHMITZ ◽  
ANDRÉ KOCH ◽  
WOLFGANG BÖHME
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Group V ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Gene Data

We provide a synopsis of the currently recognized taxa within the subgenus Euprepiosaurus of Varanus, consisting of the V. indicus species group (in chronological order, V. indicus, V. doreanus, V. jobiensis, V. finschi, V. melinus, V. yuwonoi, V. caerulivirens, V. cerambonensis, V. juxtindicus, V. zugorum) and the V. prasinus species group (accordingly, V. prasinus, V. beccarii, V. kordensis, V. bogerti, V. keithhornei, V. telenesetes, V. macraei, V. boehmei, V. reisingeri). We summarize the taxonomic history of the species groups and highlight the morphology and distribution of the species in detail. Molecular genetic analyses confirm Euprepiosaurus and also the two contained species groups as monophyla. Our molecular (mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene) data further reinforce that V. beccarii, V. boehmei, V. keithhornei, and V. macraei are distinct species within the V. prasinus group. V. kordensis consistently proves to be a sister species to all remaining members of the V. prasinus species group studied by us. Comparatively low genetic distances argue for relatively recent speciation processes within the V. indicus group. The species status of V. caerulivirens and V. finschi is again corroborated. The analyses consistently place V. cerambonensis and V. melinus as sister species. It is further evident that both species groups within Euprepiosaurus still contain distinct unrecognized taxa. Finally, we discuss the phylogeny and zoogeography of Euprepiosaurus in the light of our data and provide an identification key for the species of this subgenus.

scholarly journals Insects reared from logging residue on clear-cuts

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Nittérus ◽  
Bengt Gunnarsson ◽  
Emma Axelsson
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
South West ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Logging Residue

Coniferous and deciduous logging residue (“slash”) was collected from six 1- year old and six 4-year old clear-cuts in South-West Sweden during the spring of 2002. In the laboratory, insects were emerged under standardised conditions. Insects emerged in 41% of the rearing-tubes with 1-year old slash. In 4-year old slash, 54% of the tubes contained insects. The most successfully emerged order was Coleoptera, represented by 10 families, 22 species and 425 individuals. The second most abundant order was Hymenoptera. The most abundant Coleoptera family was Curculionidae that comprised 48% of all the beetles. Four distinct species groups among Coleoptera were found, each group being separated by slash age and tree category (deciduous/coniferous). Significantly more species were found in the 4-year old deciduous slash, compared to the 1-year old. In coniferous slash, there was a tendency formore species in the 1-year old slash than in the 4-year old. The results suggest that slash is valuable as breeding substrate and/or food supply to the beetle fauna on clear-cuts.

Molecular Systematics of Australian Carrion-breeding Blowflies of the Genus Calliphora (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Wallman ◽  
M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Systematics ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Full Species ◽  
Species Groups

Allozyme electrophoresis was used to determine the systematic affinities of nine forms of carrion-breeding blowfly of the genus Calliphora: C. stygia, C. albifrontalis, C. augur, C. dubia, C. hilli hilli, C. hilli fallax, C. varifrons, C. sp. nov., and C. maritima. The results (1) confirm the species status of all forms currently described as such, (2) support a return to the ranking of C. hilli fallax as a full species, C. fallax, (3) support the recognition of C. sp. nov. as a distinct species, and (4) indicate that distinct Kangaroo Island and adjacent mainland subpopulations appear to exist in at least three species. The allozyme data also strongly support the placing of eight of the forms into three separate species-groups on morphological grounds, and the placement of C. maritima in a fourth group. However, on the basis of these data, the comparative genetic affinities of the parasitic blowfly Onesia tibialis suggest that Calliphora in its current form may be paraphyletic.

Revision of the elegans-group of Alona s. lato and its status as a subgenus of Coronatella Dybowski & Grochowski, 1894 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4732 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-526
Author(s):  
ARTEM Y. SINEV
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The West ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Basal Segment ◽  
Old World ◽  
Basal Group ◽  
Species Groups

The taxonomic status of the elegans-group of Alona s. lato (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) is herein examined. The West Palearctic Alona elegans Kurz, 1875 and poorly known African taxon Coronatella cf. bukobensis (Weltner, 1897) are redescribed, and new data on morphology of Coronatella circumfimbriata (Megard, 1967) and Coronatella rectangula (Sars, 1861) is added. Based on analysis of original and literature data, the elegans-group is herein suggested as a separate subgenus within the genus Coronatella, namely Coronatella (Ephemeralona) subgen. nov. Main diagnostic features of the latter include: (1) seta arising from the basal segment of antenna endopodite much longer than endopodite; (2) acessory seta of limb I long, almost as long as ODL seta; (3) setae 2-3 of IDL armed with uniform thin setulae; (4) exopodite of limb II with a very short, rudimentary seta. Coronatella (Ephemeralona) subgen. nov. is a morphologically uniform basal group of the genus. It is distributed mostly in the arid belt of the Old World, with a single species known from South Africa. C. (Coronatella) is distributed worldwide; it is composed of several distinct species-groups with overlapping areas of distribution. A checklist of Coronatella species is provided. 

An analysis of species-groups of the genus Plinthisus Stephens (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) in the Ethiopian Region with the description of eight new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 533 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MERRILL H. SWEET ◽  
JAMES A. SLATER
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Scent Gland ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Specific Rank ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Ethiopian Region ◽  
Male Genital

An analysis of the known Ethiopian Plinthisus fauna shows that there are at least 12 species-groups. Two groups, the subgenera Locutius and Isioscytus, have Old World Palearctic and tropicopolitan distributions that extend into Australia. The other 10 species-groups are endemic to Africa, nine having a center of endemicity in the Cape Region of South Africa with apparent relationships to the Australian fauna. Eight new species of Plinthisus are described, each as a representative of a distinct species-group, seven from South Africa: P. (Isioscytus) pulchellus n. sp, P. (Nanoplinthisus) ericae n. sp, P. (N.) fynbosi n. sp, P. (N.) peninsularis n. sp., P. (N.) lamprus n. sp., P. (N) zuurb- ergi n. sp., and P. (N.) drakensbergensis n. sp,; and one, P. (Plinthisus) brachyoccus n. sp., from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. P. beniamaricus Linnavuori, 1978 stat. nov. and P. kilimensis Horv th, 1906 stat. nov. are raised from subspecies of P. himyaritus Linnavuori, 1978 and P.afer Horv th, 1906, respectively to specific rank. Plinthisus hirsutus Slater, 1964 is placed in a species-group distinct from the subgenus Dasythisus. The Nearctic species Plinthisus americanus Van Duzee, 1910, P. compactus Uhler, 1904 and P. indentatus Barber, 1918 are placed in the subgenus Dasythisus. Included are 123 figures illustrating dorsal views, heads, metathoracic scent gland areas, metathoracic wing stridulitra, abdominal structure, male genital capsules, claspers, phalli, spermathecae, and prothoracic legs.

A revision of the endemic South African long-jawed ground spider genus Drassodella Hewitt, 1916 (Araneae: Gallieniellidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4582 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
ZINGISILE MBO ◽  
CHARLES R. HADDAD
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
South African ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
First Time

The genus Drassodella Hewitt, 1916 is one of four Afrotropical genera of Gallieniellidae, and is presently represented by seven species, all endemic to South Africa. The type material of six of the described species was studied and they are redescribed from both sexes: D. melana Tucker, 1923, D. quinquelabecula Tucker, 1923, D. salisburyi Hewitt, 1916, D. septemmaculata (Strand, 1909), D. tenebrosa Lawrence, 1938 and D. vasivulva Tucker, 1923. Of these, the males of D. melana, D. tenebrosa and D. vasivulva are described for the first time. Recent field work yielded additional females of D. purcelli Tucker, 1923 from the vicinity of the type locality, and this sex is redescribed; the male remains unknown. A further 12 new species are recognized: D. amatola sp. nov. (♀ ♂), D. aurostriata sp. nov. (♀ ♂), D. baviaans sp. nov. (♂), D. flava sp. nov. (♀ ♂), D. guttata sp. nov. (♀ ♂), D. lotzi sp. nov. (♀), D. maculata sp. nov. (♀), D. montana sp. nov. (♀ ♂), D. tolkieni sp. nov. (♀ ♂), D. trilineata sp. nov. (♀), D. transversa sp. nov. (♀ ♂) and D. venda sp. nov. (♀ ♂). Based on the genitalic structures, there appear to be two distinct species groups. The D. melana species group, which includes D. melana, D. tenebrosa and eight new species mainly distributed in eastern and northern South Africa, is characterised by very conservative genitalic morphology in both sexes. The D. salisburyi species group, with considerable variation in the structure of the copulatory organs and distributed in the southern half of South Africa, includes the remaining nine species, of which four are new. Although D. tenebrosa represents an intermediate between the two groups, with palpal morphology more typical of the D. melana species group and epigynal morphology typical of the D. salisburyi group, it is placed in the former species group based on its distribution in eastern South Africa. The biology, habitat preferences and biogeography of Drassodella are briefly discussed. 

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